驱动包和运行环境
驱动安装
下载连接文档数据库服务使用的驱动包“mongo-java-driver-3.10.1.jar”，此安装包提供了访问文档数据库服务实例的API接口。
在项目的pom.xml中添加如下依赖。
<dependency> <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId> <artifactId>mongo-java-driver</artifactId> <version>3.10.1</version> </dependency>
环境
客户端需配置JDK1.8。JDK是跨平台的，支持Windows，Linux等多种平台。
基于Java连接数据库
使用SSL证书连接
您可以在“实例管理”页面，单击实例名称进入“基本新消息”页面，确认开启了SSL后，单击“实例信息”模块“SSL”处的，下载证书。
通过Java连接文档数据库服务，代码中的Java链接格式如下：
a.连接到单节点：
mongodb://<username>:<password>@<instance_ip>:<instance_port>/<database_name>?authSource=admin&ssl=true
b.连接到副本集：
mongodb://<username>:<password>@<instance_ip>:<instance_port>/<database_name>authSource=admin&replicaSet=replica&ssl=true
c.连接到集群：
mongodb://<username>:<password>@<instance_ip>:<instance_port>/<database_name>?authSource=admin&ssl=true
参数 | 说明 |
username | 当前用户名。 |
password | 当前用户的密码。 |
instance_ip | 如果通过弹性云服务器连接，“instance_ip”是主机IP，即“基本信息”页面该实例的“内网地址”。 |
如果通过连接了公网的设备访问，“instance_ip”为该实例已绑定的“弹性公网IP”。 | |
instance_port | 端口，默认8030，当前端口，参考“基本信息”页面该实例的“数据库端口”。 |
database_name | 数据库名，即需要连接的数据库名。 |
authSource | 鉴权用户数据库，取值为admin。 |
ssl | 连接模式，值为true代表是使用ssl连接模式。 |
连接文档数据库服务的Java代码，可参考以下示例:
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoClientOptions;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
public class MongoDBSSLExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//用户名
String username = "";
//数据库
String databaseName = "";
//密码
String password = "";
//证书路径
String certPath = "";
//连接地址
String host = "";
//端口
int port = 8030;
// 创建MongoCredential对象
MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential(username, databaseName, password.toCharArray());
// 加载证书
CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
X509Certificate certificate = (X509Certificate) certificateFactory.generateCertificate(new FileInputStream(certPath));
// 创建SSL上下文
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
keyStore.load(null, null);
keyStore.setCertificateEntry("mongodb-cert", certificate);
TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
trustManagerFactory.init(keyStore);
sslContext.init(null, trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers(), null);
// 创建MongoClient实例
MongoClientOptions options = MongoClientOptions.builder()
.sslEnabled(true)
.sslInvalidHostNameAllowed(true)
.sslContext(sslContext)
.build();
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(new ServerAddress(host, port), credential, options);
}
}无证书连接
通过Java连接文档数据库服务实例，代码中的Java链接格式如下：
a. 连接到单节点:
mongodb://<username>:<password>@<instance_ip>:<instance_port>/<database_name>?authSource=admin
b. 连接到副本集:
mongodb://<username>:<password>@<instance_ip>:<instance_port>/<database_name>?authSource=admin&replicaSet=replica
c. 连接到集群:
mongodb://<username>:<password>@<instance_ip>:<instance_port>/<database_name>?authSource=admin
参考代码如下：
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoClientOptions;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
public class MongoDBExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//用户名
String username = "";
//数据库
String databaseName = "";
//密码
String password = "";
//连接地址
String host = "";
//端口
int port = 8030;
// 创建MongoCredential对象
MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential(username, databaseName, password.toCharArray());
// 创建MongoClientOptions对象
MongoClientOptions options = MongoClientOptions.builder()
.retryWrites(true)
.build();
// 创建MongoClient实例
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(new ServerAddress(host, port), credential, options);
}
}基于Java访问数据库
访问DataBase
当已经有一个初始化好的MongoClient后，通过如下方式来访问一个database，示例如下：
MongoDatabase memberInfoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("MemberInfo");访问集合
当获取一个MongoDatabase实例后，可以通过如下命令来得到要获取的集合：
MongoCollection<Document> coll = memberInfoDatabase.getCollection("gold_member");显示的创建一个集合
也可以通过 createCollection()方法显示的创建一个集合，并在创建时候指定该集合的属性。
memberInfoDatabase.createCollection("testCollection", new CreateCollectionOptions().sizeInBytes(200000));插入数据
Document doc0 = new Document("name", "万三")
.append("age", 30)
.append("sex", "male");
Document doc1 = new Document("name", "刘亚")
.append("age", 42)
.append("sex", "male");
Document doc2 = new Document("name", "王莹")
.append("age", 22)
.append("sex", "female");
List<Document> documents = new ArrayList<>();
documents.add(doc0);
documents.add(doc1);
documents.add(doc2);
goldMemberCollection.insertMany(documents);删除数据
goldMemberCollection.deleteOne(eq("name", "刘亚"));删除表
MongoCollection<Document> collection = memberInfoDatabase.getCollection("test");
collection.drop();读数据
MongoCursor<String> cursor = (MongoCursor<String>) goldMemberCollection.find();
while (cursor.hasNext()) {
Object result = cursor.next();
}
cursor.close();带过滤条件的查询
MongoCursor<String> cursorCondition = (MongoCursor<String>)goldMemberCollection.find(
new Document("name","zhangsan")
.append("age", 5));
while (cursorCondition.hasNext()) {
Object result = cursorCondition.next();
}
cursorCondition.close();运行命令
执行buildInfo和collStats：
MongoClient mongoClientShell = (MongoClient) MongoClients.create();
MongoDatabase database = mongoClientShell.getDatabase("MemberInfo");
Document buildInfoResults = database.runCommand(new Document("buildInfo", 1));
System.out.println(buildInfoResults.toJson());
Document collStatsResults = database.runCommand(new Document("collStats", "restaurants"));
System.out.println(collStatsResults.toJson());创建索引
MongoCollection<Document> collectionTest = memberInfoDatabase.getCollection("gold_member");
collectionTest.createIndex(Indexes.ascending("age"));基于Java开发完整示例
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoClientOptions;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoClients;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.model.CreateCollectionOptions;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Indexes;
import org.bson.Document;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import static com.mongodb.client.model.Filters.eq;
public class MongoDBExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//用户名
String username = "";
//数据库
String databaseName = "";
//密码
String password = "";
//连接地址
String host = "";
//端口
int port = 8030;
// 创建MongoCredential对象
MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential(username, databaseName, password.toCharArray());
// 创建MongoClientOptions对象
MongoClientOptions options = MongoClientOptions.builder()
.retryWrites(true)
.build();
// 创建MongoClient实例
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(new ServerAddress(host, port), credential, options);
//访问database
MongoDatabase memberInfoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("MemberInfo");
//访问collection
MongoCollection<Document> goldMemberCollection = memberInfoDatabase.getCollection("gold_member");
//创建collection
memberInfoDatabase.createCollection("testCollection", new CreateCollectionOptions().sizeInBytes(200000));
//插入数据
Document doc0 = new Document("name", "万三")
.append("age", 23)
.append("sex", "male");
Document doc1 = new Document("name", "刘亚")
.append("age", 42)
.append("sex", "male");
Document doc2 = new Document("name", "王莹")
.append("age", 22)
.append("sex", "female");
List<Document> documents = new ArrayList<>();
documents.add(doc0);
documents.add(doc1);
documents.add(doc2);
goldMemberCollection.insertMany(documents);
//删除数据
goldMemberCollection.deleteOne(eq("name", "刘亚"));
//删除表
MongoCollection<Document> collection = memberInfoDatabase.getCollection("test");
collection.drop();
//读数据
MongoCursor<String> cursor = (MongoCursor<String>) goldMemberCollection.find();
while (cursor.hasNext()) {
Object result = cursor.next();
}
cursor.close();
//带过滤条件的查询
MongoCursor<String> cursorCondition = (MongoCursor<String>)goldMemberCollection.find(
new Document("name","zhangsan")
.append("age", 5));
while (cursorCondition.hasNext()) {
Object result = cursorCondition.next();
}
cursorCondition.close();
//运行命令
MongoClient mongoClientShell = (MongoClient) MongoClients.create();
MongoDatabase database = mongoClientShell.getDatabase("MemberInfo");
Document buildInfoResults = database.runCommand(new Document("buildInfo", 1));
System.out.println(buildInfoResults.toJson());
Document collStatsResults = database.runCommand(new Document("collStats", "restaurants"));
System.out.println(collStatsResults.toJson());
//创建索引
MongoCollection<Document> collectionTest = memberInfoDatabase.getCollection("gold_member");
collectionTest.createIndex(Indexes.ascending("age"));
}
}