Scenario
This topic uses CentOS 7.6 64-bit as an OS example for the physical server to describe how to use the parted partitioning tool to set partitions for a data disk.
Note:
The formatting operation may differ depending on the operating system of the server. For more information on steps and differences, refer to the respective OS documentation.
Before You Begin
l You have logged in to the physical server.
l A data disk is mounted to the physical server and this data disk is not initialized.
Partitioning and Mounting Disks
This action takes the scenario as an example. If a new data disk is mounted to a physical server, the parted partitioning tool is used to set a partition for the data disk. The partition form is set to GPT and the file system is set to ext4 format and is mounted in /mnt/sdc, and Mount Automatically Upon Startup is enabled.
Operation Steps
1. Run the following command to view the newly added data disk.
lsblk
The following information is returned:
[root@test-sharedDisk ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 252:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part
├─vda2 252:2 0 3G 0 part /boot/efi
├─vda3 252:3 0 5G 0 part /boot
├─vda4 252:4 0 80G 0 part /
└─vda5 252:5 0 10G 0 part
vdc 252:32 0 30G 0 disk
This indicates that the current server has two disks. /dev/vda is a system disk, and /dev/vdc is a newly added data disk.
2. Run the following command to start the fdisk partitioning tool and plan the partitions of the newly added data disk.
Adding Data Disks Using parted
Take the newly mounted data disk "/dev/vdc" as an example:
parted /dev/vdc
The following information is returned:
[root@test-sharedDisk ~]# parted /dev/vdc
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/vdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)
3. Type "p" and press Enter to view the partition form of the current disk.
The following information is returned:
(parted) pError: /dev/vdc: unrecognised disk labelModel: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)Disk /dev/vdc: 32.2GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: unknownDisk Flags:(parted)
If Partition Table is unknown, the partition form is unknown.
4. Enter the following command to set the disk partition form.
mklabel Disk Partition Form
The disk partition form includes MBR and GPT. Here GPT is taken as an example:
mklabel gpt
Note:
l The MBR supports a maximum disk capacity of 2 TB, the GPT supports a maximum disk capacity of 18 EB, and the current data disk supports a maximum disk capacity of 32 TB. If you want to use a disk capacity larger than 2 TB, use GPT as a partition form.
l When a disk is in use, the original data on the disk will be cleared if the partition form is changed. Therefore, exercise caution with selecting a disk partition form when initializing the disk.
5. Type "p" and press Enter to view the partition form after setting the partition form.
The following information is returned:
(parted) mklabel gpt(parted) pModel: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)Disk /dev/vdc: 32.2GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: gptDisk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags (parted)
6. Type "unit s" and press Enter to set the unit of measurement of the disk to cylinder.
The following information is returned:
7. For example, to create a partition for the whole disk, type "mkpart opt 2048s 100%" and press Enter.
2048s indicates the start disk capacity and 100% indicates the end disk capacity. The specification here is for reference only. You can choose the right specification according to your business needs.
The following information is returned:
Note:
If "Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.Ignore/Cancel? Ignore" performance optimization reminder is displayed, please enter "Ignore" to ignore this warning.
8. Type "p" and press Enter to view the detailed information of the newly created partition.
The following information is returned:
(parted) pModel: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)Disk /dev/vdc: 32.2GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: gptDisk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 32.2GB 32.2GB opt (parted)
This indicates the detailed information of the newly created partition "/dev/vdc1".
9. Type "q" and press Enter to exit the parted partitioning tool.
(parted) q
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
10. Run the following command to view the information of the disk partition.
Lsblk
The following information is returned:
[root@test-sharedDisk ~]# lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTvda 252:0 0 100G 0 disk├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part├─vda2 252:2 0 3G 0 part /boot/efi├─vda3 252:3 0 5G 0 part /boot├─vda4 252:4 0 80G 0 part /└─vda5 252:5 0 10G 0 partvdc 252:32 0 30G 0 disk└─vdc1 252:33 0 30G 0 part
In this case, you can view the newly created partition "/dev/vdc1"
11. Run the following command to set the newly created partition file system as the desired format.
mkfs -t file system format /dev/vdc1
Take setting the file system as "ext4" as an example:
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdc1
The following information is returned:
[root@test-sharedDisk ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdc1mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks1966080 inodes, 7863808 blocks393190 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=2155872256240 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000 Allocating group tables: doneWriting inode tables: doneCreating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
The formatting process takes a while. Observe the running status of the system and do not quit.
Note:
The partition size differs depending on the file system. Please select an appropriate file system according to your business needs.
12. Run the following command to create a mount point.
mkdir Mount Point
Take creating the mount point "/mnt/ndc" as an example:
mkdir /mnt/ndc
13. Run the following command to mount the newly created partition to the newly created mount point in Step 12.
mount /dev/vdc1 Mount Point
Take mounting the newly created partition to "/mnt/ndc" as an example:
mount /dev/vdc1 /mnt/ndc
[root@test-sharedDisk ~]# mkdir /mnt/ndc
[root@test-sharedDisk ~]# mount /dev/vdc1 /mnt/ndc
14. Run the following command to view the mount result.
df -TH
The following information is returned:
[root@test-sharedDisk ~]# df -THFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/vda4 xfs 86G 4.2G 82G 5% /devtmpfs devtmpfs 271G 0 271G 0% /devtmpfs tmpfs 271G 0 271G 0% /dev/shmtmpfs tmpfs 271G 21M 271G 1% /runtmpfs tmpfs 271G 0 271G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/vda3 ext2 5.3G 184M 4.9G 4% /boot/dev/vda2 vfat 3.3G 11M 3.3G 1% /boot/efitmpfs tmpfs 55G 0 55G 0% /run/user/0/dev/vdb1 ext4 32G 47M 30G 1% /mnt/sdc/dev/vdc1 ext4 32G 47M 30G 1% /mnt/ndc
This indicates that the newly created partition /dev/vdc1 is mounted to /mnt/ndc.
Setting Automatic Disk Mounting upon Startup
Scenario
If you want to automatically mount disks when the server system starts, do not specify /dev/vdc1 in /etc/fstab because the sequential encoding of devices on the cloud may change when the server stops or starts. For example, /dev/vdc may change to /dev/vde. We recommend that you use UUID to configure automatic disk mounting.
Note:
The Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) of a disk is the universally unique string that the Linux system provides for disk partitions.
Operation Steps
1. Run the following command to query the UUID of the disk partition.
blkid Disk Partition
Take querying the UUID of the disk partition "/dev/vdb1" as an example:
blkid /dev/vdc1
The following information is returned:
[root@test-sharedDisk ~]# blkid /dev/vdc1/dev/vdc1: UUID="e89d4e92-ca22-4d10-a0ac-4a0606282cb1" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="opt" PARTUUID="b95a3897-acf2-4037-a19c-d818744f1579"
2. Run the following command to open the "fstab" file using the vi editor.
vi /etc/fstab
3. Press "i" to enter the Edit mode.
4. Move the cursor to the end of the file and press Enter to add the following content: UUID=e89d4e92-ca22-4d10-a0ac-4a0606282cb1 /mnt/ndc ext4 defaults 0 2
UUID=3C27-7C31 /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 0UUID=d257ff0f-c5e1-4d90-af3a-de94720d90fe /boot ext2 defaults 0 0UUID=9136110f-0c77-4174-9870-e8243dbe2662 / xfs defaults 0 1UUID=e89d4e92-ca22-4d10-a0ac-4a0606282cb1 /mnt/ndc ext4 defaults 0 2
5. Press ESC, type :wq and press Enter to save the settings and exit the editor.
